Which of the following describes remediation for a change or release?

Remediation for a change or release specifically refers to the actions taken to recover from a failure that occurs as a result of that change or release. This involves identifying the issues that arose, determining the impact, and implementing measures to restore services to their normal operation. It is a critical part of change management, as it ensures that if a change does not go as planned, there are clear procedures in place to address the situation and minimize disruption to the organization.

In the context of ITIL, the focus is on maintaining service quality and reducing the likelihood of adverse effects from changes. Thus, remediation is about recovery and addressing any negative consequences stemming from those changes. It allows organizations to learn from failures and improve future change processes.

The other options relate to different aspects of change management but do not capture the essence of remediation as effectively. For example, invocation of the ITSC plan is more about the initial response strategy rather than recovery actions, while ensuring approval for emergency changes pertains more to governance than remediation. Lastly, predefining steps for handling changes aligns more closely with planning rather than the recovery process following an incident related to a failed change or release.